[Spring 입문] JdbcTemplate

 

- 순수 Jdbc와 동일한 환경설정

- Jdbc API에서 본 반복코드를 대부분 제거해준다.

- SQL 은 직접 작성해야 한다.

- MyBatis와 유사.

 

 

package hello.hellospring.repository;

import hello.hellospring.domain.Member;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.MapSqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcInsert;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

public class JdbcTemplateMemberRepository implements MemberRepository {

    private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    // @Autowired
    // 생성자가 딱 하나만 있으면 (스프링 빈으로 등록되면) Autowired 생략할 수 있음.
    public JdbcTemplateMemberRepository(DataSource dataSource) {
        jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }

    @Override
    public Member save(Member member) throws SQLException {
        SimpleJdbcInsert jdbcInsert = new SimpleJdbcInsert(jdbcTemplate);
        jdbcInsert.withTableName("member").usingGeneratedKeyColumns("id");

        Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();
        parameters.put("name", member.getName());

        Number key = jdbcInsert.executeAndReturnKey(new MapSqlParameterSource(parameters));
        member.setId(key.longValue());
        return member;
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findById(Long id) {
        // 결과를 로우 맵퍼로 맵핑해줘야 함
        List<Member> result = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from member where id = ?", memberRowMapper(), id);
        return result.stream().findAny();
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findByName(String name) {
        List<Member> result = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from member where name = ?", memberRowMapper(), name);
        return result.stream().findAny();
    }

    @Override
    public List<Member> findAll() {
        return jdbcTemplate.query("select * from member", memberRowMapper());
    }

    private RowMapper<Member> memberRowMapper() {
        return (rs, rowNum) -> {
            Member member = new Member();
            member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
            member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
            return member;
        };
    }
}

 

package hello.hellospring;

import hello.hellospring.repository.JdbcMemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.repository.JdbcTemplateMemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.repository.MemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.repository.MemoryMemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.service.MemberService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {

    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Autowired
    public SpringConfig(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public MemberService memberService() {
        return new MemberService(memberRepository());
    }

    @Bean
    public MemberRepository memberRepository() {
//        return new MemoryMemberRepository();
//        return new JdbcMemberRepository(dataSource);
        return new JdbcTemplateMemberRepository(dataSource);
    }

}

 

이렇게 리포지토리만 갈아끼우면 DB 방식이 달라져도 바로 적용가능하다.

이렇게 하면 저번 강의때 만들어놓은 통합테스트코드로 똑같이 테스트 해볼 수 있다.

 

 

테스트코드

- 현업에서는 거의 60~70% 를 테스트코드를 짜는 데 쓴다고 한다.

잘 하는 개발자 일 수록 프로덕트 코드(실제 소스 코드)를 짜는 시간보다 테스트코드를 짜는 데에 시간과 노력을 더 투자한다고.

package hello.hellospring.service;

import hello.hellospring.domain.Member;
import hello.hellospring.repository.MemberRepository;
import hello.hellospring.repository.MemoryMemberRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

@SpringBootTest     // 스프링 컨테이너와 함께 테스트 실행
@Transactional      // 테스트를 실행할 때 트랜잭션을 먼저 실행하고, 테스트가 끝난 후 자동 롤백해줌. (테스트 결과가 DB에 반영 안됨)
    // 테스트 케이스에 붙었을 때만 자동 롤백. 다른 곳에 붙으면 X
class MemberServiceIntegrationTest {

    // 테스트케이스는 필요한 요소를 인젝션해서 간단하게 쓰기만 하면 되기때문에
    // 생성자로 의존성주입할 필요 없이 필드 기만으로 오토와이어드 받아도 된다!
    @Autowired MemberService memberService;
    @Autowired MemberRepository memberRepository;

    @Test
    // @Commit -- 해당 테스트 실행 후 자동 커밋
    void join() throws SQLException {
        //given -- 주어진 상황 (데이터)
        Member member = new Member();
        member.setName("happy");

        //when -- 이걸 실행했을 때
        Long saveId = memberService.join(member);

        //then -- 이렇게 나와야 함
        Member findMember = memberService.findOne(saveId).get();
        assertThat(member.getName()).isEqualTo(findMember.getName());
    }

    // 중복회원일 경우
    @Test
    public void 중복_회원_예외() throws SQLException {
        //given
        Member member1 = new Member();
        member1.setName("spring");

        Member member2 = new Member();
        member2.setName("spring");

        //when
        memberService.join(member1);
        IllegalStateException e = assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> memberService.join(member2));
        assertThat(e.getMessage()).isEqualTo("이미 존재하는 회원입니다.");

    }

}

 

순수 Jdbc 코드와 비교해서 보면 얼마나 심플해졌는지 바로 알 수 있다.

package hello.hellospring.repository;

import hello.hellospring.domain.Member;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

public class JdbcMemberRepository implements MemberRepository {

    private final DataSource dataSource;

    public JdbcMemberRepository(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    @Override
    public Member save(Member member) {
        String sql = "insert into member(name) values(?)";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
            pstmt.setString(1, member.getName());
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
            rs = pstmt.getGeneratedKeys();
            if (rs.next()) {
                member.setId(rs.getLong(1));
            } else {
                throw new SQLException("id 조회 실패");
            }
            return member;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findById(Long id) {
        String sql = "select * from member where id = ?";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setLong(1, id);
            rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                return Optional.of(member);
            } else {
                return Optional.empty();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findByName(String name) {
        String sql = "select * from member where name = ?";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, name);
            rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                return Optional.of(member);
            }
            return Optional.empty();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<Member> findAll() {
        String sql = "select * from member";
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            List<Member> members = new ArrayList<>();
            while (rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                members.add(member);
            }
            return members;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    private Connection getConnection() {
        return DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource);
    }
    private void close(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (rs != null) {
                rs.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if (pstmt != null) {
                pstmt.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if (conn != null) {
                close(conn);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private void close(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(conn, dataSource);
    }
}